Stabilization occurs when lime is added to black cotton soil and a pozzolanic reaction takes place. Compaction characteristics studies of black cotton soil. The swelling and shrinkage behavior of black cotton soil originate mainly from. Analysis of relation and variation characteristics between. Improvement of stabilization characteristics of black cotton soil using ternary blend for international organization of scientific research 33 page erdalcokca 2001. Those soils are often referred to as regur but are popularly known as black cotton soils, since cotton has been the most common traditional crop in areas where they are found. This type of soil contains pure clay particles with about 85100 percentages passing through 75 micron sieve. Stabilization of black cotton soil using sodium chloride. Expansive soil under study was collected dried and pulverized into the required sizes and tested for properties like gradation,compaction, strength as per is2720 and the results are shown in table1 and fig1 table. Soil sample is collected from kopparthy village near kadapa vast area of black cotton soil. Black cotton soils bcs are found in extensive quantities in the northeast region of nigeria specifically in the northern parts of adamawa state and southern parts of borno state. Chavhan india the biggest handicap is to provide a complete abstractstabilization of black cotton soil bc soil is studied by using lime and fly ash. Comparison of brick made from black cotton soil with various admixture to the normal. Study of black cotton soil characteristics with cement waste dust and lime.
The locations of existence of black cotton soils are identified and the soil samples are. A study on engineering behavior of black cotton soil and. Use of geosynthetic material to improve the properties of. Black cotton soil is a typical volume change soil which loses its strength on wetting due to increase in its volume and in absence of water. Analysis of engineering properties of black cotton soil. Geotechnical characteristics of hublidharwad black cotton. Among the in situ soils of india, the black soils found in the lavacovered areas are the most conspicuous. Liquid limit, plastic limit, california bearing ratiocbr and maximum dry density were analyzed. Stabilization of soils is an effective method for improvement of soil properties and the pavement system performance. Mineralogical analysis shows the soils to be predominantly kaolinite and mont morillonite. In kenya, they are commonly found in mwea, athi, kapiti, kano and trans mara. Pdf study of black cotton soil characteristics with cement waste.
Improvement of stabilization characteristics of black. Pdf analysis of engineering properties of black cotton. The identification tests were conducted on these collected soil samples to confirm whether it is a black cotton soil or not and to know the properties of the collected soil samples. This is the easiest method in which black cotton soil is replaced with some other suitable soil like a mix of moorum and sand with cohesive soil to avoid shrinkage characteristics. The experiments are conducted in geotechnical laboratory of ksrm college of engineering, which is located near krishnapuram village, kadapa. Relation of soil water, groundwater and irrigation, evaporation. After identifying the various properties viz plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, california bearing ratio test, unconfined. Introduction to soil mechanics and soil structures.
Various geotechnical properties of virgin black cotton soil and contaminated black cotton soil contaminated black cotton soil properties of soil virgin black cotton soil c5 c10 c15 specific gravity 2. The properties of black cotton soil include liquid limit ranging from 3045, plasticity index from 2025 percent, the activity ratio ranges from 1. In both the world reference base for soil resources wrb and the usda soil taxonomy, a vertisol vertosol in the australian soil classification is a soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay minerals, many of them known as montmorillonite, that form deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Soil colour is used as an important criterion for description and classification of soil. Black cotton soils are inorganic clays of medium to high compressibility and form a major soil group in india. Study of black cotton soil characteristics with cement waste dust. Studied on effect of flyash on expansive soil, flyash consists of hollow spheres of silicon, aluminum and iron oxides and unoxidized carbon.
What are the characteristics of black soil answers. The effect of lime stabilization on properties of black. A study on engineering behavior of black cotton soil and its. Swelling properties of expansive soils treated with. In india, about 20% of the soil cover is comprises of expansive soils also commonly known as black cotton soil. Improving properties of black cotton soil with quarry dust manuscript id. Expansive soils, popularly known as black cotton soils in india are, amongst the most problematic soils from civil engineering construction point of view. Study of geotechnical properties of black cotton soil contaminated.
The design thickness of flexible pavement before stabilization is obtained as 450mm and. In india, most of indias black cotton soils occupy an estimated area of 74 million hectares. Black cotton soil black cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and swell excessively. Parte shyam singh and yadav r studied the effect of marble dust addition in varying proportions 10,20,30,40,50% on the properties of black cotton soil. Methodology the aim of doing this work is to highlight the use of.
This alternate process of swelling and shrinking results in the differential settlement of foundation which in turn causes cracks in building. Plasticity index is one of the important properties of soil to determine the behavior of soil in presence of water. Study of geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Physical and geotechnical properties of the soil samples were studied in the laboratory. This article provides study notes on black cotton soil.
Properties of red coffee soils and black cotton soils. There is a hypothesis that if the aluminum is introduced into the soil it will precipitate into the pore space, thus strengthening the soil 7 8. The black cotton soil is characterized by high shrinkage and swelling properties. Clay and laterite soil with sawdust as an ammendment in the year 2014. The following methods are generally adopted to meet the characteristics of foundations in black cotton soils, 1 foundation loads are limited to 5 tonnessq. From the results after analysis it was found that the values of parameters of infiltration models varies from soil to soil and soil. Physical and chemical properties of soil biology discussion. The geology and geotechnical properties of the black. In general, black soils of uplands are of low fertility while those in the valleys are very fertile. Black cotton soil based on the geotechnical properties of the virgin black cotton soils, the degree of expansiveness or swelling potential of these soils is evaluated to be very high holtz and gibbs 1956,seed et. Study of black cotton soil characteristics with molasses. This black cotton soils occurs mostly in the central and western parts and covers approximately 20% of the total area of india.
Pdf geotechnical investigation of black cotton soils researchgate. Two strategies proposed for achieving stability of buildings and road construction on black cotton soils of adamawa state. Analysis of strength characteristics of black cotton soil. Stabilisation of black cotton soils, fly ash, hubballidharwad municipal corporation, karnataka, india. This soil expands while it gets wet and shrinks as the water dries. Classification and characteristics these soils are also known as regur soils or black cotton soils because these soils are famous for the cultivation of cotton. The black soils is formed by solidification of lava spread over large area of deccan plateau. Foundations in black cotton soils the construction civil. The black cotton soils have been formed from basalt or trap and contain the clay mineral montmorillonate, which is responsible for the excessive swelling and shrinkage characteristics of soil.
Black cotton soil showing low to medium swelling potential from rajkot gujarat was used for determining the basic properties of the soil. Engineering properties of black cotton soil modified with. Analysis on characteristics of soil moisture content in cotton growing conditions, the soil can be divided into four layers, they are. This research study describes the feasibility of using black cotton soil as a raw material with some additional. Engineering properties of black cotton soil modified with fly ash and. Expansive soils are commonly found in arid and semi aired regions.
Black cotton soils also called regur soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable. Chanuhan rajiv and et al 2009 has studies the strength improvement of soil treated with lime and flyash mix for durability criteria. These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Black cotton soil consists of clay minerals like montmorrilonite, illite and kaolinite, chemicals like iron oxide and calcium carbonate in the form of kankars, and organic matter like humus. These soils are generally found in maharashtra, western madhya pradesh, gujarat and parts of. Comparison of brick made from black cotton soil with. The tests conducted were grain size analysis, specific gravity, atterbergs. After the determination of basic properties of black cotton soil, soil stabilized with marble dust, cement kiln dust and bagasse ash, the strength parameters like mdd, and ucc were determined by conducting compaction and uccs uncon ned compressive stress tests. Pdf study of black cotton soil characteristics with. They are characterized by high shrinkage and swelling properties.
The effect of lime stabilization on properties of black cotton soil nadgouda, k. Pdf stabilization of soils is an effective method for improvement of soil properties and the pavement system performance. These soils expand and become sticky during rainy season and contract during the dry season causing deep cracks into the soil. Montmorrilonite is the predominant mineral of black cotton soils.
Cbr, ucs and indirect tensile strength of expansive soil. Study notes on black cotton soil building engineering. Black cotton soils black cotton soils are also referred to as clay soils. The properties of black cotton soils in place can be altered by treating with aqueous solution of koh 6. Study of black cotton soil characteristics with molasses s.
To demonstrate advantages of using geosynthetic material. Pdf geotechnical investigation of black cotton soils. Black cotton soil in this area is generally grayish brown to black in color and occur from 0. A typical black soil is highly argillaceous geology of rocks or sediment consisting of or containing clay with a large clay factor, 62 per cent or more. Black cotton soils are highly clayey soils, grayish to blackish in colour found in several states in india. To determine the difference in simple black cotton soil and reinforced black cotton soil to determine value of c.
Research article infiltration studies of different. After that the effect of sawdust as stabilizer on black cotton soil contaminated with 10% castor oil is observed. Of the various factors that affect the swelling behaviour of these soils, the basic mineralogical composition is very important. When these type of soil come in contact with water, they swell and when becomes dry, it shrinks. Practical problems of highway construction in black cotton. Improving properties of black cotton soil with quarry dust. The tests results and graphs with the addition of admixtures. The geology and geotechnical properties of the black cotton soils of northeastern nigeria. Waste marble dust addition to the soil increased the unconfined compressive strength values from 110kpa5%addition to 220kpa30%addition. Characteristics of black cotton soil with cement dust and lime3,6 bc soil is considered as a very poor type of soil having black colour with very fine grain. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. Stabilisation of black cotton soil using admixtures pankaj r. The hydrated lime reacts with the clay particles and permanently.
List of projects related to soil engineering 1 lime flyash soil blocks 2 plastic as soil stabilizer 3 study on soil cement blocks. Classification of soil into rocks, boulders, gravels, sands, silts, clays. Black cotton soils for the study were derived from indrasagar rockfill dam, polavaram, andhra pradesh india from a depth of 1m, 1. Changes in various soil properties such as liquid limit, plastic limit, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content.
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